Propylene Glycol / پروپیلین گلائکول

Propylene Glycol (PG) is a synthetic, water-miscible diol belonging to the alcohol family, chemically identified as 1,2-propanediol. It has been a staple of cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food manufacturing for decades, valued for its unique ability to perform multiple formulation roles simultaneously. Its history in cosmetics dates to the mid-20th century, when it quickly became a standard ingredient across every major product category from skincare to haircare and beyond.

What makes Propylene Glycol particularly valuable to cosmetic formulators is its multifunctionality within a single ingredient. As a humectant, it binds water molecules and draws atmospheric moisture into the skin, improving hydration levels measurably. As a solvent, it creates homogenous dispersions of actives and fragrance materials throughout the formula. Its preservative-boosting capacity also allows formulators to reduce the concentration of primary preservatives without compromising microbial safety, resulting in better-tolerated finished products.

Recommended Usage

Skincare (Creams, Serums, Lotions) 

Propylene Glycol is a staple across all leave-on skincare categories, delivering reliable humectancy and solvent action at 2–5%. Add it to the water phase during formulation and adjust concentration based on skin type sensitivity.

Haircare (Shampoo, Conditioner, Masks)

PG improves spreadability of conditioning agents and enhances moisture retention in the hair shaft. Use at 1–3% in shampoos and up to 5% in conditioners and deep treatment masks.

Soap Making (Cold Process, Melt and Pour) 

PG is suited for melt and pour soap bases where it functions as a humectant and clarity agent, but it is not a standard cold process ingredient. Limit use to M&P applications where transparent or moisturizing bars are the goal.

Body Care (Scrubs, Butters, Balms)

Performs well in body lotions and emollient balms as a hydrating and penetration-enhancing agent. Use at 2–5% for a smooth, non-tacky finish that aids absorption of heavier oils and butters.

Functional Cosmetics (Deodorants, Sunscreen, Baby Care) 

PG is widely used in deodorant sticks, roll-ons, and sunscreens as a reliable solvent for actives and a humectant. Reduce to a maximum of 1–2% in baby care products and always patch test on sensitive or pediatric skin.